Engagement Metrics¶

Definition¶

Engagement Metrics are data points that measure how users interact with your product, content, or campaigns. They assess the depth, frequency, and quality of user interactions, providing insights into customer interest, satisfaction, and loyalty.

Description¶

Engagement Metrics are key indicators of user interest, satisfaction, and product-market resonance, reflecting how actively and meaningfully customers interact with your product, content, or campaigns.

The relevance and interpretation of this metric shift depending on the model or product:

In SaaS, they highlight login frequency, feature usage, or collaborative behaviors
In content or media platforms, they reflect scroll depth, time on page, video completions, or share rate
In eCommerce, they surface add-to-cart actions, repeat visits, or coupon redemptions

A declining trend typically signals loss of relevance, friction, or engagement fatigue, which helps teams adjust offers, improve UX, and re-engage users through personalization. By segmenting by cohort — such as intent signals, referral source, or device type — you unlock insights for improving targeting, refining content, and boosting activation flows.

Engagement Metrics inform:

Strategic decisions, like content planning, product roadmap focus, or customer lifecycle strategy
Tactical actions, such as surfacing friction points or testing campaign creative
Operational improvements, including timing adjustments, UI changes, or frequency capping
Cross-functional alignment, by connecting signals across growth, content, product, and lifecycle marketing, keeping everyone focused on building value through interaction

Key Drivers¶

These are the main factors that directly impact the metric. Understanding these lets you know what levers you can pull to improve the outcome

Content or Feature Relevance to User Goals: If users find value, they stick around. Irrelevant content leads to drop-off.
Interaction Design and Flow Clarity: Clean, intuitive UX promotes deeper and more frequent engagement.
Feedback Loops and Nudges: When users are reminded of what’s working (or what’s next), they re-engage.

Improvement Tactics & Quick Wins¶

Actionable ideas to optimize this KPI, from fast, low-effort wins to strategic initiatives that drive measurable impact.

If engagement is plateauing, segment users by behavior and build trigger-based campaigns (e.g., “You’ve visited 3 times — try this next!”).
Add interactive components or embedded actions directly into core content and product screens.
Run a test with real-time alerts (“Your dashboard just updated”) to draw users back in.
Refine your dashboard UX to prioritize most-used features and promote adjacent value.
Partner with lifecycle and growth to align product-led engagement nudges with email and in-app cadences.

Required Datapoints to calculate the metric

-
Example to show how the metric is derived

A SaaS company evaluates website engagement:
- Bounce Rate: 40%
- Average Session Duration: 3 minutes
- Pages Per Session: 4

Formula¶

Formula

\[ \mathrm{Engagement\ Metrics} = \left( \frac{\mathrm{Total\ Interactions}}{\mathrm{Total\ Users}} \right) \times 100 \]

Data Model Definition¶

How this KPI is structured in Cube.js, including its key measures, dimensions, and calculation logic for consistent reporting.

UserEngagementCampaignEngagement

cube('UserEngagement', {
  sql: `SELECT * FROM user_engagements`,

  measures: {
    totalInteractions: {
      sql: `interactions`,
      type: 'sum',
      title: 'Total Interactions',
      description: 'Total number of user interactions with the product.'
    },
    uniqueUsers: {
      sql: `user_id`,
      type: 'countDistinct',
      title: 'Unique Users',
      description: 'Count of unique users interacting with the product.'
    },
    averageSessionDuration: {
      sql: `session_duration`,
      type: 'avg',
      title: 'Average Session Duration',
      description: 'Average duration of user sessions in minutes.'
    }
  },

  dimensions: {
    id: {
      sql: `id`,
      type: 'number',
      primaryKey: true,
      title: 'ID',
      description: 'Unique identifier for each engagement record.'
    },
    userId: {
      sql: `user_id`,
      type: 'string',
      title: 'User ID',
      description: 'Identifier for the user.'
    },
    interactionType: {
      sql: `interaction_type`,
      type: 'string',
      title: 'Interaction Type',
      description: 'Type of interaction the user had with the product.'
    },
    eventTime: {
      sql: `event_time`,
      type: 'time',
      title: 'Event Time',
      description: 'Timestamp of the user interaction.'
    }
  }
});

cube('CampaignEngagement', {
  sql: `SELECT * FROM campaign_engagements`,

  measures: {
    totalClicks: {
      sql: `clicks`,
      type: 'sum',
      title: 'Total Clicks',
      description: 'Total number of clicks on the campaign.'
    },
    uniqueClickers: {
      sql: `user_id`,
      type: 'countDistinct',
      title: 'Unique Clickers',
      description: 'Count of unique users who clicked on the campaign.'
    },
    conversionRate: {
      sql: `conversions / clicks`,
      type: 'number',
      title: 'Conversion Rate',
      description: 'Rate of conversions per click.'
    }
  },

  dimensions: {
    id: {
      sql: `id`,
      type: 'number',
      primaryKey: true,
      title: 'ID',
      description: 'Unique identifier for each campaign engagement record.'
    },
    campaignId: {
      sql: `campaign_id`,
      type: 'string',
      title: 'Campaign ID',
      description: 'Identifier for the campaign.'
    },
    userId: {
      sql: `user_id`,
      type: 'string',
      title: 'User ID',
      description: 'Identifier for the user.'
    },
    engagementDate: {
      sql: `engagement_date`,
      type: 'time',
      title: 'Engagement Date',
      description: 'Date of the user engagement with the campaign.'
    }
  }
});

Note: This is a reference implementation and should be used as a starting point. You’ll need to adapt it to match your own data model and schema

Positive & Negative Influences¶

Negative influences

Factors that drive the metric in an undesirable direction, often signaling risk or decline.
- Irrelevant Content: Content that does not align with user goals leads to disengagement and a decrease in engagement metrics.
- Complex Interaction Design: A confusing or cluttered user interface can frustrate users, causing them to disengage and negatively affecting engagement metrics.
- Lack of Feedback: Without feedback, users may lose interest or become uncertain about their actions, reducing engagement.
- Absence of Nudges: Without reminders or prompts, users may forget to re-engage, leading to a decline in engagement metrics.
- Feature Misalignment: Features that do not meet user expectations or needs can result in decreased usage and lower engagement metrics.
Positive influences

Factors that push the metric in a favorable direction, supporting growth or improvement.
- Content Relevance: When content aligns with user goals, users are more likely to engage deeply and frequently, increasing overall engagement metrics.
- Interaction Design: A clean and intuitive user experience encourages users to interact more often and for longer periods, positively impacting engagement metrics.
- Feedback Loops: Providing timely feedback and reminders keeps users engaged by reinforcing positive behaviors and encouraging continued interaction.
- Nudges: Strategic nudges prompt users to re-engage with content or features, thereby boosting engagement metrics.
- Feature Relevance: Features that meet user needs and expectations lead to higher satisfaction and more frequent use, enhancing engagement metrics.

Involved Roles & Activities¶

Involved Roles

These roles are typically responsible for implementing or monitoring this KPI:

Customer Lifecycle Management
Marketing
Product Management (PM)
Product Marketing (PMM)
Activities

Common initiatives or actions associated with this KPI:

Content Marketing
Community Building
Product Use
Retention Strategies
Analytics Dashboards

Funnel Stage & Type¶

AAARRR Funnel Stage

This KPI is associated with the following stages in the AAARRR (Pirate Metrics) funnel:

Activation
Retention
Type

This KPI is classified as a Lagging Indicator. It reflects the results of past actions or behaviors and is used to validate performance or assess the impact of previous strategies.

Supporting Leading & Lagging Metrics¶

Leading

These leading indicators influence this KPI and act as early signals that forecast future changes in this KPI.
- Monthly Active Users: Monthly Active Users (MAU) reflects the breadth of users engaging with the product each month. It provides an early indication of changes in overall engagement levels, helping to contextualize Engagement Metrics by showing whether engagement trends are driven by a growing or shrinking active user base.
- Stickiness Ratio: The Stickiness Ratio (DAU/MAU) measures user retention and habitual engagement. A rising stickiness ratio signals deeper engagement among existing users, serving as an early warning or confirmation of shifts in Engagement Metrics.
- Product Qualified Accounts: Product Qualified Accounts (PQAs) indicate which accounts are showing high engagement and readiness for conversion. Their engagement patterns often precede changes in aggregate Engagement Metrics and help segment engagement by account quality.
- Content Engagement: Content Engagement tracks how users interact with content specifically, providing granular insight into the types of engagement driving overall Engagement Metrics. High or low content engagement can forecast shifts in broader engagement trends.
- Activation Rate: Activation Rate measures the proportion of users reaching meaningful engagement milestones. It forecasts the depth of ongoing user interactions, predicting future trends in Engagement Metrics as more users realize value.
Lagging

These lagging indicators confirm, quantify, or amplify this KPI and help explain the broader business impact on this KPI after the fact.
- Customer Engagement Score: Customer Engagement Score aggregates post-hoc engagement behaviors to provide a composite view of customer health. Insights from customer engagement trends can help refine which leading Engagement Metrics are most predictive of retention and loyalty.
- Churn Risk Score: Churn Risk Score uses past engagement signals to predict customer attrition. Analyzing lagging churn risk can recalibrate threshold settings or weightings on Engagement Metrics to better forecast customer loss.
- Conversion Rate: Conversion Rate quantifies how engagement translates into desired outcomes. Reviewing conversion data helps recalibrate Engagement Metrics to focus on the types of engagement that most often lead to conversion.
- Customer Feedback Retention Score: This metric connects engagement with long-term retention among customers who provide feedback. Analysis of feedback retention can inform which engagement behaviors to prioritize in leading metrics for better forecasting.
- Branded Search Volume: Branded Search Volume, as a downstream indicator of interest and engagement, can help validate and adjust how Engagement Metrics are interpreted, especially in relation to brand-driven engagement spikes.